This Backgrounder examines the role of Security Sector Reform (SSR) in post-war contexts, focusing on how SSR can address the legacy of unlawful territorial invasion as well as the structural weaknesses that predate it.

It explores how SSR can support the development of a security sector that is both effective and accountable, contributing to long-term peace, justice, and democratic governance.

The publication outlines how SSR contributes to the transformation of security actors by clarifying their roles, structures, and functions in the post-war environment. It also examines internal reform processes aimed at rebuilding institutions and restoring good governance of the security sector.

SSR is a critical, if often contested, element of post-war recovery, shaped by the political and legal environment in which the war occurred.

In addition, the Backgrounder discusses the external conditions and strategic choices available to post-war states that shape SSR, including political, legal, and social challenges. It highlights the importance of addressing the legacy of violence and ensuring that SSR is grounded in inclusive, accountable, and context-specific approaches.

Drawing on international legal frameworks, the Backgrounder provides practical insights into how SSR can help states transition from war to sustainable peace through resilient institutions and accountable security provision.

This publication is intended for policymakers, practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders involved in post-war recovery, peacebuilding, and security governance.